Cryopreservation

Why Is Cryopreservation Done?

Cryopreservation is a fertility-preservation technique that allows eggs, sperm, or embryos to be safely frozen and stored for future use. At Naarayani IVF, cryopreservation helps individuals and couples plan pregnancy at the right time, preserve fertility before medical treatments, and improve IVF outcomes.

This technique is commonly used by:

  • Individuals who wish to delay pregnancy

  • Patients undergoing medical treatments (such as cancer therapy) that may affect fertility

  • Couples undergoing IVF who want to preserve eggs, sperm, or embryos for future cycles

Cryopreservation Procedure / Technique

Cryopreservation involves freezing reproductive cells at extremely low temperatures to maintain their viability. In IVF, three main types of cryopreservation techniques are practiced at Naarayani IVF:

1. Oocyte Cryopreservation (Egg Freezing)

Oocyte cryopreservation allows women to preserve their eggs for future pregnancy. Frozen eggs can be used later when a woman feels physically, emotionally, and medically ready to conceive.

This technique is especially beneficial for:

  • Women planning pregnancy after the age of 35

  • Women undergoing cancer or medical treatments that may affect egg quality

  • Women who wish to preserve eggs for future IVF cycles or donation

How Egg Freezing Works

Frozen eggs are thawed and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory. If fertilization is successful, the resulting embryo is transferred into the uterus during an IVF cycle.

Procedure Steps

  • Ovarian Stimulation: Hormonal medications stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.

  • Egg Retrieval: Eggs are retrieved under sedation using transvaginal ultrasound guidance. On average, 10–15 eggs may be collected per cycle. Mild discomfort or cramping may occur afterward.

  • Freezing (Vitrification): Retrieved eggs are rapidly frozen using the vitrification technique, which prevents ice crystal formation and ensures higher survival rates during thawing.

Egg cryopreservation ensures a strong foundation for a healthy pregnancy when the time is right.

2. Sperm Cryopreservation (Sperm Freezing)

Sperm cryopreservation allows men to preserve fertility for future use.

It is recommended for:

  • Men undergoing cancer treatment, prostate or testicular surgery

  • Individuals at risk of exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals

  • Donors and sperm banking purposes

Procedure

  • Semen sample is collected in a sterile container and analyzed for:

    • Sperm count

    • Motility

    • Morphology

    • Volume and viscosity

  • Cryoprotectants are added to prevent ice crystal formation.

Freezing Methods

  • Slow Freezing: Cooling occurs over 2–4 hours, followed by storage in liquid nitrogen at –196°C.

  • Rapid Freezing: Samples are frozen quickly and placed directly into liquid nitrogen.

Due to the natural structure of sperm cells, they are highly resilient to freezing and thawing.

3. Embryo Cryopreservation

Embryo cryopreservation is commonly used during IVF treatments.

Procedure

  • Ovarian stimulation is done to retrieve multiple eggs.

  • Eggs are fertilized with sperm in the laboratory.

  • Embryos are frozen 3–5 days after fertilization (cleavage or blastocyst stage).

Freezing Techniques

  • Slow Freezing: Embryos are cooled gradually over several hours.

  • Vitrification: A rapid freezing technique that offers higher embryo survival and implantation rates.

Embryo cryopreservation allows couples to:

  • Plan pregnancy at a later time

  • Improve cumulative IVF success rates

  • Avoid repeated ovarian stimulation cycles

Who Should Consider Cryopreservation?

Cryopreservation is beneficial for:

  • Individuals not ready for parenthood yet

  • Couples undergoing IVF or with previous IVF failure

  • Patients at risk of fertility loss due to medical treatment

Before proceeding, doctors at Naarayani IVF may recommend fertility testing to assess suitability for cryopreservation.

Risks Associated with Cryopreservation

Cryopreservation and IVF are considered safe and well-established procedures. Extensive research indicates:

  • No increased risk of birth defects

  • No adverse impact on child development

  • Comparable pregnancy outcomes to fresh cycles

Children born from frozen eggs, sperm, or embryos show normal growth and health outcomes.

Conclusion

Cryopreservation at Naarayani IVF offers a reliable, safe, and effective way to preserve fertility and plan for the future. With advanced freezing techniques and expert care, patients can confidently safeguard their reproductive potential.