Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure that enables doctors to examine the inside of the uterus to diagnose and treat conditions such as abnormalities of the endometrial lining, abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids, uterine polyps, and other related issues.

The procedure is performed using a specialised instrument called a hysteroscope, which is a thin, flexible tube fitted with a camera and light source. The hysteroscope is gently inserted through the cervix into the uterus. A fluid or gas is then introduced to expand the uterine cavity, improving visibility and allowing the doctor to clearly inspect the uterine lining, identify abnormalities, and carry out necessary treatments.

Types of Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is broadly classified into two types:

1. Diagnostic Hysteroscopy
This type is used to identify the cause of symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding or infertility. It may be performed alongside other diagnostic tests like ultrasound or hysterosalpingography. Conditions diagnosed through diagnostic hysteroscopy include uterine fibroids, uterine polyps, adhesions, abnormal bleeding, and endometrial cancer.

2. Operative Hysteroscopy
Operative hysteroscopy involves treating uterine abnormalities during the same procedure. It may be combined with diagnostic hysteroscopy and is used for procedures such as hysteroscopic polypectomy, myomectomy, septoplasty, endometrial ablation, and adhesiolysis.

Why is Hysteroscopy Performed?

Hysteroscopy is commonly used for:

• Diagnosing uterine abnormalities

• Treating uterine conditions

• Evaluating infertility

• Managing abnormal uterine bleeding

• Diagnosing endometrial cancer

• Performing procedures such as polypectomy or septal correction

Preparing for a Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is usually an outpatient procedure, allowing patients to return home the same day.

Before the procedure, the doctor will assess your symptoms and perform a physical examination to determine suitability. Pregnant women or those with active pelvic infections are generally advised against hysteroscopy.

General preparation guidelines include:

• Discussing any questions or concerns with your doctor

• Informing the doctor about all medications or supplements

• Avoiding sexual intercourse before the procedure

• Following fasting instructions if advised

• Arranging transportation to and from the hospital

• Wearing comfortable clothing

What to Expect During a Hysteroscopy

During the procedure:

• You will be asked to empty your bladder and change into a hospital gown

• Anaesthesia or mild sedation may be given, depending on the procedure

• You will lie on an examination table with your legs supported

• The cervix is gently dilated to allow insertion of the hysteroscope

• A sterile fluid is used to expand the uterus for better visibility

• The doctor examines the uterine cavity and fallopian tube openings

• Surgical instruments may be used if treatment is required

The procedure can last from a few minutes to over an hour, depending on whether it is diagnostic or operative.

After a Hysteroscopy

After the procedure:

• You may be monitored for a few hours if anaesthesia was used

• Most patients are discharged the same day

• Mild cramping, spotting, or light bleeding may occur for a few days

• Sexual intercourse and tampon use may be avoided for about a week

• Pain medication may be prescribed if needed

• Any severe pain, fever, or heavy bleeding should be reported immediately

Your doctor will discuss the results and recommend further treatment if necessary.

Benefits of Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy offers several advantages, including:

• Diagnosis and treatment in a single procedure

• High precision with minimal invasion

• Reduced pain and trauma

• Lower risk of complications

• Faster recovery

• Shorter hospital stay

Hysteroscopy and IVF

Hysteroscopy plays an important role in improving IVF outcomes. For successful embryo implantation, the uterine cavity must be healthy and free of abnormalities. Hysteroscopy helps by:

• Detecting and treating uterine polyps, fibroids, or adhesions

• Assessing the uterine lining to ensure optimal implantation conditions

• Enhancing the chances of successful IVF treatment

Possible Complications of Hysteroscopy

Although hysteroscopy is generally safe, rare complications may include:

• Fever

• Infection

• Heavy bleeding

• Fluid overload

• Uterine perforation

• Intrauterine scarring

• Reaction to anaesthesia or uterine-expanding substances

• Injury to nearby organs such as the cervix, bladder, or bowel

Any unusual or concerning symptoms after hysteroscopy should be reported immediately. For safe and effective care, it is essential to undergo the procedure at a trusted centre like Naarayani, under the guidance of experienced and qualified specialists.