Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat various gynecological and fertility-related conditions. It allows doctors to view the pelvic and abdominal organs clearly without making large cuts, resulting in less pain, minimal scarring, and quicker recovery.

What is Laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy involves the use of a thin, lighted instrument called a laparoscope, which is inserted through small incisions in the abdomen. A camera attached to the laparoscope provides real-time images of internal organs such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures. If required, surgical instruments can also be inserted through additional small incisions to treat detected problems.

Why is Laparoscopy done?

Laparoscopy is commonly recommended for:

• Diagnosing infertility causes

• Treating endometriosis

• Removing ovarian cysts

• Treating uterine fibroids

• Checking and opening blocked fallopian tubes

• Treating ectopic pregnancy

• Diagnosing pelvic pain

• Adhesiolysis (removal of pelvic adhesions)

Types of Laparoscopy

1. Diagnostic Laparoscopy
   Used to identify the cause of infertility, pelvic pain, or abnormal symptoms when imaging tests are inconclusive.

2. Operative Laparoscopy
   Used to treat conditions detected during diagnosis, such as removing fibroids, cysts, adhesions, or endometriosis in the same procedure.

Preparation for Laparoscopy

Before the procedure:

• Your doctor will review your medical history and perform necessary tests

• Fasting may be required for 6–8 hours

• Inform your doctor about ongoing medications

• Arrange for someone to accompany you home

• Wear comfortable clothing on the day of the procedure

What to Expect During Laparoscopy?

• The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia

• Small incisions are made in the abdomen

• Carbon dioxide gas is introduced to lift the abdominal wall for better visibility

• The laparoscope is inserted to examine organs

• Surgical treatment is performed if needed

• The procedure typically lasts 30 minutes to 1 hour

After Laparoscopy

• Most patients can go home the same day

• Mild pain, bloating, or shoulder discomfort may occur temporarily

• Small stitches heal quickly

• Normal activities can usually be resumed within a few days

• Follow-up visits are scheduled to review recovery and results

Benefits of Laparoscopy

• Minimally invasive approach

• Accurate diagnosis and treatment

• Less pain and bleeding

• Faster recovery time

• Short hospital stay

• Improved fertility outcomes

Laparoscopy and Infertility

Laparoscopy plays a crucial role in fertility treatment by identifying and correcting conditions that may prevent conception. Treating issues like endometriosis, blocked tubes, or adhesions through laparoscopy can significantly improve the chances of natural conception or the success of IVF treatments.

Possible Complications

Although rare, potential risks include:

• Infection

• Bleeding

• Injury to internal organs

• Reaction to anesthesia